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Wednesday, October 3, 2012

The Nun's Priest's Prologue

clapper-tongue
"Fortune covered with a cloud"=tragedy (l. 16)
The group begs the monk to stop talking and for a different tale to be told, particularly about hunting.
jade-worthless or vicious horse

The Pardoner's Tale

The tale is set in the past in Flanders.
lechery-unrestrained sexual desire
unwittingly-unintentionally
behest-command
Lines 23-195 are a digression preaching about the immorality of gambling, drinking, gluttony, and swearing. Why does he spend so much time preaching about these sins, even though he does not follow his own theme?
The knave says that Death kills the roisterers' friend. It seems so obvious to us that Death would kill people, but not to the roisterers. Chaucer's diction makes it appear like the knave might be telling a trick on them, like he knows better than them (l. 213-4, 224-9).
stile-stairs over a fence
The old man is a symbol of Death, and the roisterers do not respect him. Thus, they will be punished for it. They trade their youth for the man's old age.
269: Who is Mother?
fay-fairy
The old man warned them to mend their ways, but they did not heed his advice.
They find Death, but it was not in the form they expected.
It is impossible to cheat Death, no matter what happens.-moral of the story
440-1: The pardoner implies that Jesus died for nothing because people are still greedy, gluttonous bunny rabbits.
wend-direct
This is the only tale that does not focus on married love.
Why does he offer the group a chance to repent and touch the relics?

Tuesday, October 2, 2012

The Pardoner's Description and Prologue

The Pardoner is rich and complies with the latest styles.
22: He is assumed to be young because he has no beard.
veronica-a veil or piece of cloth bearing the image of Christ
He carries fake relics around, the veronica being one of them, so that he can make more money through the selling of pardons.
bent-direction
parson-Protestant minister
paragon-model for excellence
He did everything he could to make money. He was especially gifted at singing, and people would listen well.
A story must be retold exactly or it is lying according to the pardoner. In a sense, it is lying, but only to the degree to which the story is distorted.
writ-law, edict
78: Is the host's wits who are not the best or the pardoner's?

exemplum-moral story
marshal-arrange
17-23: He openly admits he scams people and uses fake relics to do so.
draught-drop, dose
trow-to believe
shriven-granted penance
He continually opposes his "theme" of "Radix malorum est cupiditas" by lying about his holiness and the origin of his relics.
beck-greet
yarn-craft stories, usually false stories
He could care less about the souls of the people he preaches to on a regular basis.
He insists that he is not the only one making up sermons for money. Some even do it for vainglory, hate, flattery, or the people's pleasure.
defamations-unjustified injuries of reputation
Why does he insist that greed is the root of all evils but indulge in it anyways? Making money is a valid and motivating reason, but it cannot be enough.
109: He calls the people he preaches to vulgar, implying that he considers himself above them, the common people.
He is drunk before he tells the tale, so he must be drinking throughout the prologue.
Both the Pardoner and the Wife of Bath use other people to get rich. Although both are experienced, the Wife of Bath is old, and the Pardoner is young.



The Wife of Bath's Tale

Arthurian legend
Limiters drove away the faeries, and it can be assumed that the faeries are ungodly creatures.
motes-dust particles
copse-small thicket
maidenhead-virginity
The king is not a sucker for a weeping woman. The queen must pray for the knight's life to be spared although he is far from perfect and gentle.
purvey-provide
behest-command
None of the women he asks can agree on anything, so he thinks he will never find the answer.
Midas, because he is embarrassed about his ears, tells his wife. She then whispers it to the river, who then whispers the secret to everyone. Chaucer says through this digression that women cannot be trusted with secrets.
The 24 dancing ladies, assumed to be absolutely gorgeous, are a huge temptation for the knight.
greensward-turf
crone-a witchlike old woman
She manipulates the knight by making him swear on something unbeknownst to him. He is desperate for the answer, so he obliges.
She says that women desire most to control their husbands.
fastidious-squeamish
There was only sorrow at the wedding feast because the knight did not want to be wed to the crone, but he must fulfill his promise.
Her sermon on gentleness forces him to submit because she took him on a guilt trip.
Old people should be revered.
Poor people should be seen as manifestations of Jesus.
Ugly people should be considered faithful prospective spouses.
362-370: "'Choose, now', said she, 'one of these two things, aye,/To have me foul and old until I die,/Or else to have me young and very fair/And take your chance with those who will repair/Unto your house, and all because of me,/Or in some other place, as well may be./Now choose which you like better and reply.'"
The above lines constitute the most important question of the book because the knight could have picked like she asked, but he lets her choose, exemplifying the knightly virtues of courage and nobility. This does count for something, even though he has already ruined his chance at being a perfect gentle knight.
The transformative kiss is the magic of the story. The pathos becomes that even though the wife of bath is like the crone, she will never have that kiss in the form of a sixth husband. Her tale is based on wishful thinking.

The Wife of Bath's Prologue

nonce-the present
She insists that  since men can marry more than once, women should be allowed to do that, too.
It is better to marry and be faithful than to commit fornication or adultery.
wight-human
bigamy-having 2 husbands while both are still alive and having not divorced one of them
103-5: Not all women are virgins.
sundry-diverse
The three reasons for genitalia are urination, differentiation, and procreation.
143: Christ is described as a maid, like Theseus and Nicholas. All three of them can be considered perfect gentle knights.
thrall-slave
She has power over her husbands' bodies because she denies them sex.
The host, after hearing this, says he would rather not marry. There is a conflict because both the man and woman in a marriage desire control. He wants her to teach the young men her ways so they can gain control over their wives.
pique-to injure pride or vanity
The first three husbands were good because they were old, rich, and eventually submissive to her will.
pardie-indeed
swink-labor
The prize of bacon motivated couples to stay at peace. However, the wife of Bath never won the bacon, so it can be assumed that she and her husbands argued in their nascent marriages. It set a tone of female dominance because the bacon was a phenomenal prize to seek, and so the husbands probably would try not to argue with her.
She accuses them of sleeping around, then makes up stories that they "told" while they were drunk.
dalliance-flirting
dotard-a senile old person
She refuses to be dominated.
niggard-miser
Men believe that if their wives are dressed well and lavishly that it presents a danger to their chastity.
She uses a beautiful and ugly cat as a metaphor for cheating and faithful women.
380-3: Women destroy their husbands from the inside out.
She becomes so paranoid about Jenkin that she spies on him and eventually kills him by denying him sex and giving it to him all at once.
lickerish-greedy, gluttonous 
pith-essence, vital substance
480-1: Her virginity is gone, so all she has is metaphorical barley bread.
She loved her fourth and fifth husbands because they were good in bed, although they were hard to control.
fifth husband is young, taken for love
530-4: This passage mentions "a student at Oxford" and boarded with a woman named Alison. Are these the same Nicholas and Alison from "The Miller's Tale?"
Both the Wife of Bath and the clergy act holy without any faith. They also distort Scripture passages to fit their arguments.
She slept around while her fourth husband was in London during all of Lent.
She acted extremely sad when he died, but she was not sad at all.
Jenkin had the audacity to read to her and read about the lives of wicked wives in her presence, so she tears a page out of the book.
ascendant-position of authority
durst-past tense of dare
Jenkin and she fight, but she gets in the last punch.
wreak-cause
Jenkin submits to her will because he knows it is better than fighting her, and she has remained faithful to him ever since.
She loves him because she got what she wanted: control.
  

Sunday, September 30, 2012

The Miller's Tale

16: Nicholas, like Theseus, is called as meek as a maiden.
hostelry-hotel
repute-reputation
Alison is described with mainly white and black connotative words: fair, white, coal-black, wool, bright
whit-bit
quitclaim-a transfer of interest
146-49 foreshadow Absalom's serenading by highlighting his musical skill.
151-2 and 160-1 seem contradictory by describing Absalom as squeamish of flatulence and foul language, but he would have passionate sex with Alison any day.
woebegone-having much woe
Blow his horn may be a double entendre for masturbation (line 200).
tarry-stay, wait
betide-befall
privity-privacy
wights-supernatural beings
Nicholas compares his story to Noah's Ark to make it seem more real.
knave-male servant
espy-to catch sight of
Nicholas seems brilliant compared to John's stupidity.
hapless-unfortunate
John falls for every word of Nicholas' tale, and the townspeople hear of it, forever branding John as a fool.
pitch an innuendo?
chips another word for manure?
Sathanas-Satan
Absalom branding Nicholas' arse is an innuendo for homosexual sex (line 623).
Absalom, Nicholas, and Alison all got poetic justice.


Thursday, September 27, 2012

Knight's Tale Books 2-4

The second book describes the arena Theseus built and the temples to Venus, Diana, and Mars.
bawdiness-indecent
fane-temple
limned-painted
pickpurses-pickpockets
carrion-rottenness
wot-saw, knew
florin-Italian coin
Every man prayed to have a part in this battle. It was the biggest, most legendary battle in Athens.
The epicness of the battle is heighthened by the presence of 200 lords and 3 kings-Theseus, Lycurgus, and Emetreus
It is implied that Theseus is extremely wealthy because he feeds all of Palamon and Arcita's men and houses them for the duration of the battle. He also foots the bill for the mile-wide, magnificent arena.
bewray-reveal
ruth-pity, grief
Poetic justice is served when Arcita gets victory and Palamon gets Emily, thanks to Saturn's intervention.
The epic proportions of the story match those of Beowulf.
sallow-sickly
amercement-to punish arbitrarily
machination-intrigues
pleasance-pleasure
hostelries-hotels
retinue-suite of people
yeomen-servants
staves-plural of staff
People listen to Theseus because of his status of a perfect, gentle knight.
sapience-showing wisdom and sound judgement
Theseus protects the lords by changing the rules of the battle. Only spears and jousts would be allowed.
1753, 1755-1757: alliteration. Similar to Beowulf
whelp-a young big cat
doffs-removes
Theseus' rule modification worked; no one died, but many got injured.
vim-vitality
1952: Why does Arcita ask for mercy from Emily?
Aegeus is a human figure of Wisdom and a foil for Saturn. Aegeus comforts the people with his unfathomable  wisdom.
bier-stand for a corpse or coffin
2075-2076: personification of the ground
bower: rustic dwelling
Theseus shows justice by letting Palamon and Emily get married.